Jiu-Jitsu, a martial art known for its effectiveness, has been referred to by many names such as Jiu-Jitsu, Ju-Jitsu, Jiu-Jitsu, Ju-Jutsu. Some believe it originated in India, while others find its origin in Japan or some find it has originated from a blend of various countries. Despite these differing views, Japan’s role in nurturing and popularising Jiu-Jitsu is widely recognized. This blog explores the origins, development, and current state of Jiu-Jitsu.
The Origins of Jiu-Jitsu
Jiu-Jitsu in India
Jiu-Jitsu, meaning “gentle art,” is believed to have been developed among Buddhist monks in India over 2,000 years ago as a self-defence technique to protect themselves without causing harm. This led to techniques based on leverage rather than strength, suitable for their slender, vegetarian bodies. As Buddhism spread to Japan, Jiu-Jitsu became a passionate discipline among Japanese warlords and apprentices.
Jiu-Jitsu in Japan
Ju-Jitsu, also known as Yawara, is an ancient Japanese martial art dating back to the 16th century. Legend says it was founded by Shirobei Akiyama, a Japanese man studying medicine in China. He observed how willow tree branches, unlike other trees, could bend and release themselves from heavy snow. This inspired the principle of Ju-jitsu that does not aim to confront force with force, but to skillfully absorb and redirect an opponent’s energy against them. This fundamental principle of Jiu-Jitsu became the heart of the teaching of the Yoshin Ryu school, founded by Akiyama.
The history of Jiu-Jitsu traces its history back to over 2000 years.
Development of Jiu-Jitsu in Japan
Jiu-jitsu originated in Japan during the Feudal period as a martial art designed primarily for warfare. With the abolition of the Feudal system in Japan, It was necessary to make it suitable for peacetime practice. During this period, local feudal lords were responsible for maintaining law and order. This elevated the warrior class, known as “Bushi,” within the social structure.
In the early 12th century, Japan was unified under military rule, and a code of ethics for the warrior class called “Bushido” was established. Jiu-jitsu, known by various names like Yawara, Hakuda, Kogusoku, and others during Feudal times, was a crucial part of warrior training
The term “jiu-jitsu” was coined in 1532, to the Takenouchi Ryu school. During this era, the history of jiu-jitsu is somewhat uncertain because teachers kept their techniques secret to maintain exclusivity and often modified stories to suit their own purposes. This secrecy contributed to the mystique and perceived importance of the art.
The Progress of Jiu-Jitsu
Modern Adaptations and Global Influence
Jiu-Jitsu has evolved into various forms, including Japanese old-style jujutsu (Nihon koryû jûjutsu) and Edo jujutsu. Modern adaptations like goshin (self-defence) jujutsu have incorporated influences from other martial traditions. Today, Jiu-Jitsu is a foundation for many military and law enforcement unarmed combat techniques worldwide.
Sport Jujutsu
Sport Jujutsu has become popular, with judo being the most well-known form, now an Olympic sport. Mixed-style competitions, kata performances, and freestyle competitions are common, showcasing the art’s versatility.
Areas of Training in Jiu-Jitsu
- Art of Blocking
Blocking techniques are fundamental, used to defend against various attacks. - Art of the Fulcrum Throw
Modern judo employs fulcrum throws, which involve leveraging an opponent’s balance. - Art of the Non-fulcrum Throw
Non-fulcrum throws require little to no contact with the opponent, relying on technique and timing. - Art of Escaping (Hakko-Dori)
Escaping techniques are crucial for evading holds and countering attacks. - Art of Striking (Atemi-Waza)
Striking techniques are more commonly used by modern practitioners who do not wear body armour.
Conclusion
Jiu-Jitsu’s rich history and evolution reflect its adaptability and effectiveness as a martial art. From its debated origins to its development in Japan and modern adaptations, Jiu-Jitsu continues to be a vital part of martial arts training worldwide. Whether practised for self-defence, sport, or personal development, Jiu-Jitsu offers a comprehensive and profound martial arts experience.